Spanish Verb List: Master List IR Verbs

IR verbs can be very troublesome in many of their conjugated forms. Areas that need to be concentrated on include: the present tense stem-changers, the preterite formations, present & past subjunctive forms, -go verbs in all tenses, and command forms. Make certain you've mastered regular IR verb conjugation in all tenses before you try to master the verbs on this page.

Click on the various items in the top row below to hear explanations:

español

stem change

subj stem

¿pretérito?

¿futuro?

inglés

abatir

abat-

to overthrow, knock down, throw down

abolir

abol-

to abolish

abrir

abr-

to open

aburrir

aburr-

to bore, be boring

acudir

acud-

to attend, answer a call, come to rescue

adherir

e-ie

adhier-

3^rde-i

to adhere, stick

admitir

admit-

to admit, grant, permit

adquirir

i-ie

adquier-

to get, acquire, obtain

aducir

-zco

aduzc-

aduj-

to allege, adduce, cite, give as proof

advertir

e-ie

adviert-

3^rde-i

to advise, give notice, give warning, warn

afligirse

-jo

aflij-

to be afflicted

afluir

-yo

afluy-

3^rdi-y

to flow in, into, to, or towards; to congregate in

añadir

añad-

to join, augment, increase

aplaudir

aplaud-

to applaud

arrepentir

e-ie

arrepient-

3^rde-i

to regret

asentir

e-ie

asient-

3^rde-i

to nod, assent

asistir

asist-

to attend (classes)

asumir

asum-

to assume

atribuir

-yo

atribuy-

3^rdi-y

to attribute

balbucir

-zco

balbuzc-

to stammer

bendecir

e-i

bendig-

bendecir-

to bless, consecrate

bruñir

bruñ-

3^rd	e-i
	ñó-ñe

to burnish, polish

bullir

bull-

3^rdó-eron

to boil, bubble up

ceñir

e-i

ciñ-

3^rd	e-i
	ñó-ñe

to fit

circunvenir

e-ie

-go

circunveng-

circunvin-

circunvendr-

to circumvent

combatir

combat-

to fight, combat

comedirse

e-i

comid-

3^rde-i

to restrain, control oneself, be moderate

competir

e-i

compit-

3^rde-i

to compete

concebir

e-i

concib-

3^rde-i

to conceive, imagine, think

concluir

-yo

concluy-

3^rdi-y

to conclude

conducir

-zco

conduzc-

conduj-

to drive, conduct

conferir

e-ie

confier-

3^rde-i

to confer

confluir

-yo

confluy-

3^rdi-y

to flow together, meet, join together (stream)

confundir

confund-

to confuse, confound, mess things up royally

conseguir

e-i

consig-

3^rde-i

to acquire, get, come across, manage

consentir

e-ie

consient-

3^rde-i

to consent

constituir

-yo

constituy-

3^rdi-y

to constitute, form

construir

-yo

construy-

3^rdi-y

to construct, build

consumir

consum-

to consume

contradecir

e-i

-go

contradig-

contradij-

to contradict

contravenir

e-ie

-go

contraveng-

contravin-

contravendr-

to contravene

contribuir

-yo

contribuy-

3^rdi-y

to contribute

convenir

e-ie

-go

conveng-

convin-

convendr-

to convene

convertir

e-ie

conviert-

3^rde-i

to convert, change, transform

corregir

e-i

-jo

corrij-

3^rde-i

to correct

cubrir

cubr-

to cover, put the lid on

cumplir

cumpl-

to complete, finish

decidir

decid-

to decide

decir

e-i

-go

dig-

dij-

dir-

to say, tell

deducir

-zco

deduzc-

deduj-

to deduce, deduct, infer

definir

defin-

to define

deprimir

deprim-

to depress

derretir

e-i

derrit-

3^rde-i

to melt, liquefy, thaw

describir

describ-

to describe

descubrir

descubr-

to discover, uncover

deslucir

-zco

desluzc-

to spoil, tarnish, mark

desmentir

e-ie

desmient-

to refute

desobstruir

-yo

desobstruy-

3^rdi-y

to unclog, unblock, unstop up

despedirse

e-i

despid-

3^rde-i

to say goodbye, bid adieu, emit, discharge, set forth, dismiss, give notice

desteñir

e-i

destiñ-

3^rd	e-i
	ñó-ñe

to fade

destruir

-yo

destruy-

3^rdi-y

to destroy

desvestir

e-i

desvist-

3^rde-i

to undress

diferir

e-ie

difier-

to differ

digerir

e-ie

digier-

to digest

dirigir

-jo

dirij-

to direct, lead, manage, govern

discernir

e-ie

disciern-

to discern

discutir

discut-

to discuss

disentir

e-ie

disient-

to dissent

disminuir

-yo

disminuy-

3^rdi-y

to diminish, dwindle, decrease, lessen

distinguir

disting-

to distinguish

distribuir

-yo

distribuy-

3^rdi-y

to distribute

disuadir

disuad-

to dissuade

divertirse

e-ie

diviert-

3^rde-i

to have fun, have a good time

dividir

divid-

to divide

dormir

o-ue

duerm-

3^rdo-u

to sleep

elegir

e-i

-jo

elij-

3^rde-i

to elect, select, choose

embestir

e-i

embist-

3^rde-i

to attack

emitir

emit-

to emit

engreir

e-i

-ío

engrí-

3^rde-i

to spoil, make vain or conceited

entrevenir

e-ie

-go

entreveng-

entrevin-

entrevendr-

to intervene

escribir

escrib-

to write

escupir

escup-

to spit

estreñir

e-i

estriñ-

3^rd	e-i
	ñó-ñe

to constipate

excluir

-yo

excluy-

3^rdi-y

to exclude, bar, debar

exhibir

exhib-

to exhibit

exigir

-jo

exij-

to expect, demand

existir

exist-

to exist

expedir

e-i

expid-

3^rde-i

to send, expedite

extinguir

gu -g

-go

exting-

to extinguish

fingir

-jo

finj-

to feign, fake

fluir

-yo

fluy-

3^rdi-y

to flow (words, liquid)

freír

e-i

-ío

frí-

3^rde-i

to fry

fruncir

-zo

frunz-

to wrinkle, knit (the brow), pucker (lips)

gruñir

gruñ-

3^rd	e-i
	ñó-ñe

to grunt, growl

herir

e-ie

hier-

3^rde-i

to injure, hurt, wound, beat

hervir

e-ie

hierv-

3^rde-i

to boil

huir

-yo

huy-

3^rdi-y

to flee, run away

impedir

e-i

impid-

3^rde-i

to impede

imprimir

imprim-

to print

incluir

-yo

incluy-

3^rdi-y

to include

incurrir

incurr-

to incur

inducir

-zco

induzc-

induj-

to induce, persuade, instigate

inferir

e-ie

infier-

3^rde-i

to infer

infligir

-jo

inflij-

to inflict

influir

-yo

influy-

3^rdi-y

to influence, act on

ingerir

e-ie

ingier-

3^rde-i

to ingest

inscribir

inscrib-

to inscribe

insistir

insist-

to insist

instituir

-yo

instituy-

3^rdi-y

to institute, found, establish

instruir

-yo

instruy-

3^rdi-y

to instruct, teach, train, educate

intervenir

e-ie

-go

interveng-

intervin-

intervendr-

to intervene

interrumpir

interrump-

to interrupt

introducir

-zco

introduzc-

introduj-

to introduce

invadir

invad-

to invade

invertir

e-ie

inviert-

3^rde-i

to invest

investir

e-i

invist-

3^rde-i

to invest, endow, establish (legally)

-oy

vay-

fui

to go

lucir

-zco

luzc-

to shine, glitter, glow

maldecir

e-i

-go

maldig-

maldij-

to curse, cuss

malherir

e-ie

malhier-

3^rde-i

to injure fatally, mortally wound

medir

e-i

mid-

3^rde-i

to measure

mentir

e-ie

mient-

3^rde-i

to lie, tell an untruth

morir

o-ue

muer-

3^rdo-u

to die

obstruir

-yo

obstruy-

3^rdi-y

to obstruct, block, clog, choke up, stop up

ocurrir

ocurr-

to occur

oír

-igo

oig-

3^rdi-y

to hear

omitir

omit-

to omit

partir

part-

to divide, split, break open

pedir

e-i

pid-

3^rde-i

to request, ask for

percibir

percib-

to perceive

permitir

permit-

to permit, allow, let

perseguir

e-i

persig-

3^rde-i

to pursue, chase, hunt down, persecute

persistir

persist-

to persist

persuadir

persuad-

to persuade

pervertir

e-ie

perviert-

3^rde-i

to pervert, lead astray, garble, corrupt

predecir

e-i

-go

predig-

predij-

to predict, foretell, forecast

preferir

e-ie

prefier-

3^rde-i

to prefer

presentir

e-ie

preasient-

3^rde-i

to have a feeling, have an idea

presidir

presid-

to preside

presumir

presum-

to presume

prevenir

e-ie

-go

preveng-

previn-

prevendr-

to prevent, prepare, make ready, anticipate, foresee, avoid, overcome

producir

-zco

produzc-

produj-

to produce

prohibir

prohib-

to prohibit, forbid, ban

proseguir

e-i

prosig-

3^rde-i

to continue, proceed with

pudrir

pudr-

to rot, putrefy, decay

pulir

pul-

to polish, finish

recibir

recib-

to receive

reducir

-zco

reduzc-

reduj-

to reduce, diminish

reelegir

e-i

-jo

reelij-

3^rde-i

to reelect

reexpedir

e-i

reexpid-

3^rde-i

to reissue

referir

e-ie

refier-

3^rde-i

to refer

regir

e-i

-jo

rij-

3^rde-i

to rule, govern, be in charge of, reign

rehuir

-yo

rehuy-

3^rdi-y

to shy away from, avoid, evade, flee, shun, shirk, refuse, decline

reír

e-i

- ío

rí-

to laugh

relucir

-zco

reluzc-

to shine, be brilliant, excel, glow

rendir

e-i

rind-

3^rde-i

to render, conquer, subdue, deliver, give up, fatigue, exhaust, wear out, yield, bring

reñir

e-i

riñ-

3^rd	e-i
	ñó-ñe

to quarrel, fight, scold, tell off, reprimand

repetir

e-i

repit-

3^rde-i

to repeat

reproducir

-zco

reproduzc-

reproduj-

to reproduce

requirir

e-ie

requier-

3^rde-i

to require, need, request, ask for, send for, call for

revestir

e-i

revist-

3^rde-i

to dress up the walls, decorate

sacudir

sacud-

to shake off, beat, jerk

salir

-go

salg-

saldr-

to exit, leave, go out, depart

seducir

-zco

seduzc-

seduj-

to seduce

seguir

e-i

sig-

3^rde-i

to follow, continue

sentir

e-ie

sient-

3^rde-i

to feel, touch, sense

servir

e-i

sirv-

3^rde-i

to serve

sonreír

e-i

- ío

sonrí-

3^rde-i

to smile

subir

sub-

to rise, climb, go up, board

subseguir

e-i

subsig-

3^rde-i

to follow next, be subsequent

sugerir

e-ie

sugier-

3^rde-i

to suggest

surgir

-jo

surj-

to arise, emerge, spring up, come out, appear

sustituir

-yo

sustituy-

3^rdi-y

to substitute

teñir

e-i

tiñ-

3^rd	e-i
	ñó-ñe

to dye, color, stain, tinge

traducir

-zco

traduzc-

traduj-

to translate

transcribir

transcrib-

to transcribe

transferir

e-ie

transfier-

3^rde-i

to transfer

transmitir

transmit-

to transmit

trasgredir

e-i

trasgrid-

3^rde-i

to transgress, break, violate

unir

un-

to unite

venir

e-ie

-go

veng-

vin-

vendr-

to come

vestir

e-i

vist-

3^rde-i

to dress, get dressed

vivir

viv-

to live, be alive