Lección: |
| Verbs
getting -zco |
Verbs
with an infinitive ending in -ocer, -ecer, or -ucir often
have a root change in the yo
form, present tense indicative. This change carries over
into all present subjunctive forms. |
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Note
that a Z comes
before the C
in the present tense yo
form. If you make the error of omitting the Z
and add the normal endings required, you will form an
incorrect spelling! |
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Note
also that the preterite forms are altered for the -ucir
verbs. This ending is highly irregular. |
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None of the verbs in this listing
are -AR verbs. They all fall in the categories of -ER
and -IR verbs.
This
group of verbs has an irregularity. The irregularity
occurs in the present tense indicative YO
form which ends with a Z
before the C
(becoming zco).
This is the form that is used as the basis for the formation
of the present subjunctive conjugation of all forms.
(Note
also that the -ucir verbs have an irregular preterite,
as well.)
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Click on the various items
in the top row below to hear explanations: |
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español
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stem
change |
"yo"
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subj
stem |
¿pretérito? |
¿futuro? |
inglés
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abastecer |
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-zco
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abastezc-
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to
supply |
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aborrecer |
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-zco
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aborrezc-
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to
detest, abhor |
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acontecer |
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-zco
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acontezc-
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to
happen, occur, come about |
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adolecer |
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-zco
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adolezc-
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to
suffer |
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aducir |
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-zco
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aduzc-
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aduj-
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to
allege, adduce, cite, give as proof |
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agradecer |
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-zco
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agradezc-
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to
thank for, to be thankful for |
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amanecer |
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-zco
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amanezc-
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to
dawn, get light, wake up at dawn |
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anochecer |
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-zco
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anochezc-
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to
become night, get dark, be somewhere by dark |
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aparecer |
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-zco
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aparezc-
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to
show up, appear |
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apetecer |
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-zco
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apetezc-
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to
desire |
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balbucir |
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-zco
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balbuzc-
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to
stammer |
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carecer |
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-zco
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carezc-
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to
lack, be without |
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compadecer |
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-zco
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compadezc-
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to
feel sorry, pity |
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comparecer |
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-zco
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comparezc-
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to
appear |
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conducir |
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-zco
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conduzc-
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conduj-
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to
drive, conduct |
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conocer |
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-zco
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conozc-
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to
know, be familiar with |
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crecer |
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-zco
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crezc-
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to
grow |
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decrecer |
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-zco
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decrezc-
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to
decrease |
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deducir |
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-zco
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deduzc-
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deduj-
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to
deduce, deduct, infer |
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desagradecer |
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-zco
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desagradezc-
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to
be unthankful for, to be unappreciative of |
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desaparecer |
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-zco
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desaparezc-
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to
disappear |
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desconocer |
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-zco
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desconozc-
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to
ignore, be unacquainted with, disown, shun, no longer know
or be familiar with |
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desentumecer |
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-zco
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desentumezc-
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to
loosen up |
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desfallecer |
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-zco
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desfallezc-
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to
become weak, wear out |
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desfavorecer |
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-zco
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desfavorezc-
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to
work against, disfavor |
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deslucir |
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-zco
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desluzc-
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to
spoil, tarnish, mark |
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desmerecer |
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-zco
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desmerezc-
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to
criticize |
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desobedecer |
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-zco
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desobedezc-
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to
disobey |
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desvanecer |
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-zco
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desvanezc-
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to
vanish |
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embellecer |
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-zco
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embellezc-
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to
embellish, make beautiful |
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embrutecer |
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-zco
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embrutezc-
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to
stultify |
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empobrecer |
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-zco
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empobrezc-
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to
impoverish, make poor, break financially |
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enaltecer |
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-zco
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enaltezc-
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to
praise |
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enardecer |
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-zco
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enardezc-
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to
inflame, light up, go aflame |
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encarecer |
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-zco
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encarezc-
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to
increase in price, charge more |
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endurecer |
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-zco
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endurezc-
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to
harden, make hard |
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enflaquecer |
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-zco
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enflaquezc-
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to
make thin, to weaken, to thin out, to grow weak |
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enfurecer |
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-zco
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enfurezc-
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to
infuriate, make irate |
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enloquecer |
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-zco
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enloquezc-
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to
drive crazy, madden, drive insane, distract |
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enmohecer |
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-zco
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enmohezc-
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to
rust, mildew, go mouldy |
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enmudecer |
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-zco
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enmudezc-
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to
go silent, to become mute |
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ennegrecer |
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-zco
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ennegrezc-
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to
blacken, go dark, darken |
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ennoblecer |
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-zco
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ennoblezc-
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to
ennoble, make noble, reach nobility |
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enorgullecer |
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-zco
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enorgullezc-
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to
be proud of, grow proud |
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enriquecer |
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-zco
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enriquezc-
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to
enrich, grow rich, become rich |
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enrojecer |
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-zco
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enrojezc-
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to
turn red, blush, |
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ensombrecer |
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-zco
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ensombrezc-
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to
grow dark, darken, shade |
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ensordecer |
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-zco
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ensordezc-
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to
deafen, go deaf |
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enternecer |
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-zco
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enternezc-
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to
get moved, be touched |
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entorpecer |
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-zco
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entorpezc-
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to
dull, blunt, make sluggish, delay, obstruct |
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entristecer |
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-zco
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entristezc-
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to
sadden, make sad |
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envejecerse |
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-zco
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envejezc-
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to
age, grow old |
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establecer |
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-zco
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establezc-
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to
establish |
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estremecer |
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-zco
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estremezc-
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to
shake, make tremble, make shudder, thrill |
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fallecer |
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-zco
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fallezc-
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to
pass away, decease, die, fade away |
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favorecer |
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-zco
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favorezc-
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to
favor, work in favor of, help, aid, support |
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florecer |
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-zco
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florezc-
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to
flower, bloom, blossom |
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fortalecer |
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-zco
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fortalezc-
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to
fortify, strengthen |
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fosforecer |
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-zco
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fosforezc-
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to
be luminous, phosphoresce |
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guarecer |
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-zco
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guarezc-
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to
give shelter, protect, preserve from harm |
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humedecer |
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-zco
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humedezc-
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to
dampen, moisten, wet, humidify |
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inducir |
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-zco
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induzc-
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induj-
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to
induce, persuade, instigate |
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introducir |
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-zco
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introduzc-
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introduj-
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to
introduce |
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languidecer |
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-zco
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languidezc-
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to
languish, pine away |
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lucir |
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-zco
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luzc-
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to
shine, glitter, glow |
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merecer |
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-zco
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merezc-
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to
earn, deserve, merit |
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nacer |
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-zco
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nazc-
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to
be born |
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negrecer |
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-zco |
negrezc-
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to
turn black, become black |
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obedecer |
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-zco
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obedezc-
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to
obey |
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ofrecer |
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-zco
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ofrezc-
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to
offer |
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oscurecer |
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-zco
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oscurezc-
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to
obscure, get dark, darken |
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padecer |
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-zco
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padezc-
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to
suffer, undergo, be subjected to, experience |
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palidecer |
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-zco |
palidezc-
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to
wane, go pale, turn pale |
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parecer |
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-zco
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parezc-
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to
seem, appear, resemble |
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permanecer |
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-zco
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permanezc-
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to
remain, stay, endure |
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pertenecer |
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-zco
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pertenezc-
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to
belong, pertain, concern |
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prevalecer |
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-zco
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prevalezc-
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to
prevail |
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producir |
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-zco
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produzc-
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produj-
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to
produce |
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reaparecer |
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-zco
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reaparezc-
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to
reappear, show up again |
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reblandecer |
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-zco
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reblandezc-
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to
soften, make soft, tenderize |
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reconocer |
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-zco
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reconozc-
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to
recognize |
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recrudecer |
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-zco
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recrudezc-
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to
get worse, break down again |
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reducir |
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-zco
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reduzc-
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reduj-
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to
reduce, diminish |
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relucir |
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-zco
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reluzc-
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to
shine, be brilliant, excel, glow |
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reproducir |
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-zco
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reproduzc-
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reproduj-
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to
reproduce |
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resplandecer |
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-zco
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resplandezc-
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to
shine brightly, glitter, glow, be resplendant |
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restablecer |
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-zco
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restablezc-
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to
re-establish, restore |
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seducir |
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-zco
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seduzc-
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seduj-
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to
seduce |
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traducir |
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-zco
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traduzc-
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traduj-
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to
translate |
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yacer |
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-zco
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yazc-
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to
lie, be lying down, be situated |
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